Predictors of Turnover Intention among Nurses in Private Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Logistic Regression Analysis

Risna Zubaidah; Mochammad Malik Ibrahim

doi:10.30994/jnp.v9i3.1102

Authors

Risna Zubaidah STIKES Arrahma Mandiri Indonesia
Mochammad Malik Ibrahim STIKES Arrahma Mandiri Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v9i3.1102

Keywords:

Predictors, Private Hospitals, Turnover Intention

Abstract

Background: Turnover intention among nurses remains a critical workforce challenge, particularly in private hospitals where staffing instability directly affects service quality, patient safety, and organizational costs. Despite extensive research, evidence integrating multiple psychosocial work factors within a single multivariate model in the Indonesian private hospital context remains limited. This study addresses this gap by simultaneously examining key determinants of turnover intention and identifying the most influential predictors.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify independent predictors associated with turnover intention among nurses in a private hospital setting.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses at a private hospital in Indonesia in 2025. A total of 70 respondents were selected using purposive sampling from a population of 81 nurses. Data were collected using a validated and reliable structured questionnaire. Turnover intention was dichotomized into high and low categories for logistic regression analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis (chi-square), and multivariate logistic regression. Although the sample size was relatively small, the number of predictors included in the final model was limited to ensure model stability.

Results: Bivariate analysis showed that work motivation, work stress, burnout, work–life balance, job demands, and job satisfaction were significantly associated with turnover intention (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified high work stress (POR = 31.62; 95% CI: 3.65–273.55; p = 0.002), high burnout (POR = 12.35; 95% CI: 1.78–85.58; p = 0.011), and low work motivation (POR = 9.02; 95% CI: 1.24–65.60; p = 0.030) as independent predictors of turnover intention.

Conclusion: Turnover intention among nurses is primarily driven by high work stress, burnout, and low work motivation. These findings highlight the need for targeted organizational interventions focusing on stress management, burnout prevention, and motivation enhancement to improve nurse retention in private hospitals.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Almubarokah, N. B., Bagis, F., Endratno, H., & Rahmawati, I. Y. (2024). Hospital Nurse Turnover Intention: The Role of Work Stress and Workload with Job Satisfaction as Mediation. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 8(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v8i1.12502.

Antolí-Jover, A. M., Álvarez-Serrano, M. A., Gázquez-López, M., et al. (2024). Impact of Work – Life Balance on the Quality of Life of Spanish Nurses during the Sixth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic : Healthcare, 12(March), 1–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12050598.

Assidiqy, B., Agustina, H. R., & Yudianto, K. (2024). Factors Influencing Turnover Intention Nurses: A Scoping Review. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 6(5), 2401–2412. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v6i5.3438.

Callaghan, C. O., & Sadath, A. (2025). Exploring job satisfaction and turnover intentions among nurses : insights from a cross-sectional study. Cogent Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2025.2481733.

Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Bai, X., Liu, B., Chen, F., Chang, L., & Liu, H. (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of social support on turnover intention in clinical nurses. Frontiers in Public Health, June, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1393024.

Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Papathanasiou, I. V, Malliarou, M., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., & Kaitelidou, D. (2024). Association between Organizational Support and Turnover Intention in Nurses : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare, 12(291), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12030291.

Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses ’ burnout and associated risk factors during the 19 pandemic : A systematic review and meta- analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77, 3286–3302. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14839.

Gautam, P. K., Gautam, D. K., & Bhetuwal, R. (2024). Work-life balance , job satisfaction and turnover intentions among nurses. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 33(3), 538–557. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2023-4002.

He, Q., Zhang, D., & Cao, S. (2025). Presenteeism and Chinese clinical nurses ’ turnover intention : the mediating role of frustration and job burnout. BMC Nursing, 24(633), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03234-2.

Jung, Y. J., & Kim, H. (2025). Job Satisfaction , Quality of Life , and Turnover Intention Among Nurses : A Comparative Study of Pattern-Based and Rotating Shift Schedules. Healthcare, 13, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13202551.

Kim, J. Y., Kim, G. M., & Joo, E. (2024). Factors Associated with Turnover Intention Among Hospital Nurses : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 33(1), 70–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2024.33.1.70.

Lesener, T., Gusy, B., & Wolter, C. (2018). The job demands-resources model : A meta- analytic review of longitudinal studies. An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations ISSN:, Oktober, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2018.1529065.

Lu, H., Zhao, Y., & While, A. (2019). Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, Januari, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.011.

Moloney, W., Boxall, P., Parsons, M., & Cheung, G. (2018). Factors predicting Registered Nurses’ intentions to leave their organization and profession: A job demands-resources framework. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(4), 864–875. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13497.

Park, Y. D., & You, S. J. (2023). Effect of the Nursing Work Environment on Turnover Intention : Serial Mediation Effects of Career Motivation and Job Satisfaction. Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 29(5), 529–539. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2023.29.5.529.

Rahmansyah, I., Aji, B., & Arum, K. K. (2025). Factors influencing nurse turnover intention at private Hospitals in Purwokerto in 2024. Science Midwifery, 13(2), 696–703. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v13i2.1989.

Regina, P., Derek, L., & Maramis, J. R. (2024). Nurse Turnover Intention and Demographic Profiles : Insights from a Selected Private Hospital in Manado. 1th ISC 2024 (Universitas Advent Indonesia, Indonesia). Research and Education Sustainability: Unlocking Opportunities in Shaping Today’s Generation Decision Making and Building Connections., Oktober, 426–437.

Ren, H., Li, P., Xue, Y., Xin, W., Yin, X., & Li, H. (2024). Global Prevalence of Nurse Turnover Rates : A Meta-Analysis of 21 Studies from 14 Countries. Journal of Nursing Management, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5063998.

Rn, L. J. L., Alexis, J., & Rn, A. D. L. S. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 , psychological distress , work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(3), 395–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13168.

Şahin, M., Bektaş, G., & Nal, M. (2025). The mediating role of job satisfaction related to nurse-nurse collaboration and turnover intention. BMC Nursing, 24(235), 1–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02869-5.

Smokrović, E., Kizivat, T., Bajan, A., Šolić, K., Gvozdanović, Z., Farčić, N., & Žvanut, B. (2022). A Conceptual Model of Nurses ’ Turnover Intention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8205). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph19138205.

Tang, C., Zhou, S. Liu, C. Min, R., Cai. R., Lin, T. (2023). Turnover intention of nurses in public hospitals and its association with quality of working life : a cross-sectional survey in six provinces in China. Frontiers in Public Health, December, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1305620.

Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Brown Mahoney, C., & Xu, Y. (2019). Impact of Job Demands and Resources on Nurses ’ Burnout and Occupational Turnover Intention Towards an Age-Moderated Mediation Model for the Nursing Profession. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article, 16(11), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112011.

Wang, H., Jin, Y., Wang, D., Zhao, S., Sang, X., & Yuan, B. (2020). Job satisfaction , burnout , and turnover intention among primary care providers in rural China : results from structural equation modeling. BMC Family Practice, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-020-1083-8.

Wang, X., Liu, M., Leung, A. Y. M., Jin, X., & Dai, H. (2024). International Journal of Nursing Sciences Nurses ’ job embeddedness and turnover intention : A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 11(5), 563–570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.10.003.

Wardhani, U. C., & Hariyati, R. T. S. (2023). Retaining employment in the hospital setting : A descriptive phenomenological study of Indonesian nurses ’ experiences. Belitung Nursing Journa, 9(2), 159–164. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.2481.

Wong, K. P., Zhang, B., Xie, Y. J., Kam, F., Wong, Y., Kam, C., Lai, Y., Chen, S., & Qin, J. (2024). Impacts of Job Demands on Turnover Intention Among Registered Nurses in Hong Kong Public Hospitals : Exploring the Mediating Role of Burnout and Moderating Effect of Pay Level Satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Management, September. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3534750.

Zheng, J., Feng, S., Feng, Y., Wang, L., Gao, R., & Xue, B. (2024). Relationship between burnout and turnover intention among nurses : a network analysis. BMC Nursing, 23(921), 1–10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02624-2.