AI Policy

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy
Journal Of Nursing Practice (JNP) requires transparent, responsible, and accountable use of artificial intelligence in research reporting, manuscript preparation, editing, and publication. This policy applies to authors, reviewers, editors, and journal production personnel.

1. Human Responsibility and Authorship
AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot meet authorship requirements, approve publication, or assume responsibility for the work.
Authors remain responsible for the accuracy, originality, references, ethical compliance, and integrity of their submissions, including material prepared with AI assistance.
Editors retain responsibility for editorial assessments and publication decisions. AI must not replace scientific judgment or editorial decision-making.

2. AI Use by Authors
Authors may use AI-assisted tools for supporting activities, such as language improvement, translation, and organization of author-written material, provided that they:

  • Review and verify the output;
  • Preserve the intended scientific meaning;
  • Check factual claims and references against original sources;
  • Respect copyright, confidentiality, and data-protection requirements; and
  • Disclose the use according to this policy.

AI output must not be treated as verified scientific evidence or used as a substitute for consulting and citing original sources.
If AI forms part of the research methodology, describe its role sufficiently for assessment and reproducibility. Identify the tool, developer, model or version where available, purpose, relevant procedures, validation, and human oversight.

3. Required Author Disclosure
Every article must include a Declaration of AI Use, consistent with Section 10.4 of the Author Guidelines.
If AI was used:“During manuscript preparation, the authors used [tool/version] for [specific purpose]. The authors reviewed and edited the output and remain responsible for the content and integrity of the article.”
If no AI was used: “The authors did not use AI tools in preparing this manuscript.”
Replace bracketed information with accurate details and retain only the applicable statement.
Disclose AI-assisted writing, translation, paraphrasing, content generation, coding, analysis, or image generation where used. Identify relevant AI functions embedded within other software.
Where AI was used in research procedures, also report its use in the Methods section and identify affected figures or other outputs where applicable. Inform the editor of relevant changes in AI use during revision.
Basic non-generative functions, such as conventional spell-checking, reference formatting, or ordinary calculations, do not require an AI declaration unless an AI-assisted feature was used.

4. Prohibited Practices
AI must not be used to:

  • Fabricate or falsify data, participant information, results, references, ethical approvals, or consent;
  • Generate or alter material in a way that misrepresents research evidence;
  • Conceal plagiarism, duplicate publication, or other misconduct;
  • Present unsupported interpretations or conclusions as verified findings;
  • Insert hidden instructions intended to manipulate screening, peer review, or editorial decisions; or
  • Disclose confidential, identifiable, or protected information without appropriate authorization and safeguards.

Legitimate research involving synthetic data or AI-generated material must be clearly identified and methodologically justified. Such material must never be presented as observations collected from real participants.

5. Confidentiality and Data Protection
Before using AI services, authors, editors, and production personnel must assess how submitted information may be stored, accessed, reused, or used for model training.
Unpublished manuscripts, identifiable participant data, confidential records, and protected material must not be entered into external AI systems without appropriate authorization and adequate safeguards.
Any authorized use must comply with applicable consent, ethical approvals, institutional requirements, and data-protection obligations. Removing names alone may not adequately anonymize sensitive information. The stricter reviewer restrictions in Section 6 apply regardless of confidentiality safeguards.

6. AI Use by Reviewers
Reviewers must not use AI tools to:

  • Analyze, interpret, summarize, or assess a manuscript;
  • Prepare, generate, rewrite, or translate manuscript-specific review comments;
  • Recommend acceptance, revision, or rejection; or
  • Upload or enter a manuscript, manuscript excerpts, tables, figures, supplementary files, or review material into AI services.

These restrictions apply to public, paid, institutional, and locally operated AI systems. Author permission does not create an exception to JNP’s reviewer prohibition. Reviewers must conduct their assessments independently. Any prohibited use or confidentiality breach must be reported promptly to the editor.

7. AI Use by Editors and Production Personnel
Editors and production personnel may use AI for limited administrative, language, or formatting support only when confidentiality is protected and a responsible person verifies the output.
AI must not substitute for substantive editorial evaluation or determine publication decisions.
Editors must disclose AI use according to their role. The editorial record must identify the tool, purpose, material involved, and human verification. Affected authors must be informed when AI is used on their manuscript for editing or production.
Any disclosure concerning journal editing or production must remain distinguishable from the authors’ Declaration of AI Use. Editors must not attribute editorial AI use to authors.
The reviewer restrictions in Section 6 apply whenever an editor acts as a reviewer.

8. Screening and AI-Detection Results
AI-detection scores are screening indicators and do not independently establish AI use, misconduct, or lack of originality.
Editors must assess concerns in context and may request clarification, earlier manuscript versions, analytical records, or other relevant evidence. Authors must have an opportunity to respond.
Publication decisions must not be based solely on an AI-detection percentage.

9. Non-Compliance and Corrective Action
Authors, reviewers, editors, and production personnel must cooperate with requests for clarification concerning AI use.
JNP will assess suspected violations according to the available evidence, their seriousness, and their effect on research integrity and the scholarly record.
Responses may include clarification, revision, suspension of processing, rejection, correction, referral to the relevant institution, or other action under the journal’s publication ethics policies.
Retraction may be considered when justified by unreliable findings or other applicable grounds. Undisclosed AI use does not automatically require retraction.
Concerns may be reported to jnpstrada@gmail.com.

10. Related Policies and Policy Basis
Read this policy together with the Author Guidelines and Submission Checklist, Peer Review Policy, and Plagiarism and Retraction Policy.
This policy is informed by the Indonesian Technical Guidelines for Scientific Journal Accreditation 2026, the COPE position statement on Authorship and AI Tools, and the ICMJE recommendations on AI use in publishing.
JNP applies specific restrictions on reviewers’ AI use in accordance with the applicable national accreditation requirements. This policy may be updated as relevant requirements and publication ethics guidance develop.