Authorship Criteria

Journal Of Nursing Practice (JNP) requires accurate identification of authors, transparent reporting of contributions, and accountability for published work. This policy applies to original research articles, systematic reviews, scoping reviews, and case studies.
1. Eligibility for Authorship
JNP adopts the authorship criteria recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Every author must meet all four requirements:

  1. Contribute substantially to the study’s conception or design, or to acquiring, analyzing, or interpreting its data.
  2. Write the manuscript or critically revise its substantive intellectual content.
  3. Approve the final version for publication.
  4. Accept accountability for the work and help ensure that concerns about its accuracy or integrity are investigated and resolved.

Include everyone who meets these requirements. Contributors meeting the first requirement must have an opportunity to participate in writing, revision, and final approval.
Funding, seniority, administrative position, general supervision, technical assistance, language editing, or proofreading alone does not establish authorship.

2. Author Contributions
Every published article must contain an Author Contributions statement describing each author’s actual work.
Authors may use the Contributor Role Taxonomy (CRediT), including Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Validation, Visualization, Resources, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, and Writing – review and editing.
Assign only roles actually performed. One author may perform several roles, and several authors may share a role. CRediT describes contributions; it does not replace the four authorship criteria.
Provide the complete identified contribution statement in the confidential Title Page. During double-anonymous review, use corresponding neutral labels, such as “Author 1” and “Author 2,” in the Main Article. Restore author identities before publication.

3. Author Identity, Affiliations, and Order
Provide each author’s full publication name, email address, ORCID identifier, and complete affiliation, including the institution, city, and country. Include the department or study program where relevant.
Names, author order, affiliations, and ORCID information must be consistent between the Title Page, OJS metadata, and final published article. Academic degrees and professional titles must not appear in the manuscript byline.
Affiliations must accurately represent institutional relationships associated with the work. Do not add names or affiliations solely to increase institutional or geographical diversity.
Authors must agree on the author list and order before submission. For single-word names, follow the OJS instructions in the Author Guidelines without inventing an additional name.

4. Corresponding Author
The corresponding author coordinates submission, editorial communication, revisions, proof checking, and responses after publication. Before submission, the corresponding author must confirm that:

  • Every listed author qualifies and agrees to be included;
  • No qualifying contributor has been omitted;
  • All authors approve the manuscript, author order, and submission; and
  • Author details and contribution statements are accurate.

The corresponding author need not be the first author. This role does not remove the responsibilities of other authors.

5. Non-Author Contributors and Unacceptable Authorship
Recognize contributions that do not meet all four authorship criteria in Acknowledgments, describing the assistance provided. Obtain written permission from named individuals. JNP does not permit:

  • Gift, guest, or honorary authorship: including someone who does not qualify;
  • Ghost authorship: omitting a qualifying contributor or concealing relevant writing assistance;
  • Purchased or sold authorship: exchanging authorship for payment or another benefit without qualifying contributions; or
  • Unauthorized authorship: listing someone without their knowledge and agreement.

Disclose relevant professional writing, technical, or editorial assistance and its funding where applicable.

6. Changes to Authorship
After submission, requests to add or remove an author, change author order, or change the corresponding author must be sent to the editor. The request must include:

  • The manuscript identification;
  • An explanation of the proposed change;
  • The revised author list and contribution statement; and
  • Written agreement from all listed authors and anyone being added or removed.

Changes require editorial approval. Updating OJS metadata or a manuscript file alone does not constitute approval. JNP may suspend review or publication while a request is assessed. Approved changes must be reflected consistently in the manuscript and metadata.
After publication, justified authorship changes will be addressed through an appropriate correction linked to the article, with corresponding metadata updates.

7. Authorship Concerns and Disputes
Report concerns to jnpstrada@gmail.com, identifying the manuscript or article and providing relevant evidence.
JNP will request clarification from the parties concerned and assess the information available. The journal may request contribution records, author confirmations, or other relevant documentation.
Unresolved disputes over authorship entitlement will be referred to the relevant institutions for investigation or adjudication. Editors manage the editorial consequences but do not act as arbiters of unresolved authorship disputes.
Processing may be suspended pending resolution. Corrections or other actions will depend on the evidence and applicable publication ethics procedures. An authorship disagreement alone does not automatically justify retraction.

8. Artificial Intelligence
AI tools cannot qualify as authors because they cannot meet authorship requirements or assume responsibility for the work. Authors must disclose AI use or non-use as specified in the Author Guidelines and comply with JNP’s AI Policy. Human authors remain responsible for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of submitted content, including material prepared with AI assistance.

9. Related Policies and Policy Basis
Read this policy together with the Author Guidelines and Submission Checklist, JNP’s AI Policy, and the Plagiarism and Retraction Policy.
This policy is informed by the Indonesian Technical Guidelines for Scientific Journal Accreditation 2026, the ICMJE authorship recommendations, and COPE guidance on authorship, contributorship, and changes to authorship.