Conflict of Interest

1. Purpose and Scope
Journal Of Nursing Practice (JNP) requires authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial personnel to disclose relationships or interests that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, research, peer review, or editorial decisions.
A conflict of interest does not necessarily indicate misconduct or invalidate a manuscript. Disclosure enables the journal to assess the circumstances and take appropriate measures to protect scientific integrity and editorial independence.
This policy applies to all manuscript types and editorial stages, including special issues and guest-edited content.

2. Types of Conflicts of Interest
Relevant interests may be financial or non-financial, including:

• Employment, consultancy, honoraria, paid expert testimony, travel support, share ownership, patents, royalties, or other financial relationships.
• Research funding or material support from organizations with an interest in the findings.
• Personal or family relationships, disputes, or professional rivalries.
• Current or recent collaboration, supervisory relationships, or institutional connections that could compromise impartiality.
• Academic competition, leadership positions, advocacy commitments, or other interests directly relevant to the work.

These examples are not exhaustive. Individuals uncertain about the relevance of an interest should disclose it to the editorial office for assessment.

3. Responsibilities of Authors
Every author must disclose relevant interests at submission and update the disclosure if circumstances change during review, production, or after publication. The corresponding author must obtain disclosure information from all co-authors. Each author remains responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their own disclosure. All manuscripts must contain a separate Conflicts of Interest declaration. If no conflicts exist, use: “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.”
If a conflict exists, identify the author concerned, the relevant organization or party, and the nature of the relationship. For example: “Author [initials] has received consulting fees from [organization]. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.”
Funding must be reported separately in the Funding declaration. Where a funding relationship also creates a potential conflict, it must be addressed in the conflict-of-interest disclosure.
Authors must describe the funder’s role in the study and publication process where applicable.

4. Disclosure During Double-Anonymous Review
Authors must provide complete identifying disclosure information confidentially in the separate Title Page or through the submission system. Where a disclosure would reveal author identity, the Main Article should retain the Conflicts of Interest heading and use: “Identifying disclosure details have been provided confidentially to the editors and will be restored before publication.” Authors must not conceal relevant information from the editors to preserve anonymity. Complete declarations must be restored in the accepted manuscript before publication. Preparation requirements are provided in the Author Guidelines.

5. Responsibilities of Reviewers
Reviewers must disclose relevant interests before accepting an invitation. They must decline an assignment where a conflict could compromise impartial assessment.
If a conflict becomes apparent after review has begun, the reviewer must stop the assessment and promptly notify the handling editor. This includes situations in which the reviewer recognizes an author despite anonymization. The editor will assess the disclosure and determine whether the reviewer must be replaced or whether other safeguards are sufficient.
Reviewers must not use confidential manuscript information for personal advantage or to benefit another person or organization. Further requirements are described in the Peer Review Policy

6. Responsibilities of Editors and Editorial Personnel
Editors and editorial personnel must disclose interests relevant to their editorial responsibilities and update them when circumstances change. An editor must withdraw from handling a manuscript where a conflict could affect impartiality. The manuscript must be assigned to an editor without the relevant conflict.
Editors must not handle their own manuscripts or participate in their review, selection of reviewers, or editorial decisions. The same principle applies to submissions involving close relatives or relationships that compromise independent judgment.` If the Editor-in-Chief has a conflict, an independent editor must oversee the complete assessment and decision process. Where necessary, a qualified external editor will be appointed. Conflicted editors must not access confidential review information through their editorial role or influence the handling editor. Authors who hold editorial positions receive no preferential treatment. For published articles involving an editor, the journal will disclose the author’s editorial role and explain the independent handling arrangements without identifying anonymous reviewers.

7. Management of Disclosed Interests
The handling editor will assess the nature and relevance of disclosed interests and determine appropriate safeguards. These may include:

• Requesting clarification or additional disclosure.
• Replacing a reviewer or handling editor.
• Obtaining additional independent assessment.
• Publishing an appropriate disclosure statement.
• Pausing the editorial process while a concern is examined.

Disclosure alone does not automatically result in rejection. Decisions must consider whether the interest can be managed and whether the work meets the journal’s scientific and ethical requirements. Relevant disclosures, assessments, and management actions will be documented in the editorial records.

8. Undisclosed Interests and Post-Publication Concerns
Concerns about an undisclosed interest may be reported to jnpstrada@gmail.com, with the manuscript or article title, DOI where available, and supporting information. An editor without a relevant conflict will assess the concern, seek clarification from the parties involved, and document the outcome. An allegation alone is not proof of misconduct. Before publication, the journal may require updated declarations, additional review, or other appropriate action.
After publication, a correction may be issued to make the disclosure accurate. Where the concern raises substantial questions about the reliability or integrity of the article, further investigation and editorial action will follow the Publication Ethics Policy and Plagiarism, Corrections and Retraction Policy.
An undisclosed interest does not automatically justify retraction. Any action must be proportionate to the evidence and its effect on the published work.

9. Editorial Independence and Appeals|
Journal ownership, institutional affiliation, publishing partnerships, sponsorship, publication fees, and waiver requests must not determine editorial decisions. A person who is the subject of a complaint must not decide its outcome. Complaints involving the Editor-in-Chief will be referred to an authorized representative of Universitas STRADA Indonesia for independent consideration. Where the publisher is also implicated, an independent person or appropriate institutional authority will be involved. Appeals must identify the decision being challenged, the grounds for reconsideration, and supporting evidence. They will be assessed by a person without the relevant conflict under the journal’s Publication Ethics Policy.

10. Implementation and Related Policies
JNP will obtain conflict-of-interest declarations during submission, reviewer appointment, and editorial assignment, and retain relevant records in its editorial system. This policy should be read together with the Authorship Criteria, Author Guidelines, Peer Review Policy, and Publication Ethics Policy.