Distal Hypospadias, Treated or Untreated?: A Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v4i1.100Keywords:
Child; Hypospadias; Urologists; Sexuality; Reconstructive Surgical ProceduresAbstract
Background: Treatment for distal hypospadias is a controversy among the experts. Some argue that it does not require any surgery if it does not interfere with the patient's urinary and sexuality.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether patients with distal hypospadias need treated or untreated.
Methods: The method used is a case study. Participants in this study is a 10-year-old male with distal hypospadias—location of the study in Purwokerto city, Banyumas district, Central Java. Participants were interviewed and physically examined by a doctor and nurse. The results of interviews and physical examinations are recorded and analyzed based on a literature review to determine the decision, treatment, or untreated.
Results: A 10-year-old patient with hypospadias and the pediatric urologist do not give surgery advice, because the urethral opening is still close to the glans penis, and there are no symptoms of urinary dysfunction.
Conclusion: Patients with distal hypospadias may be untreated as long as they do not interfere with urinary function
Downloads
References
Agrawal, K., & Misra, A. (2013). Unfavourable results in hypospadias. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery: Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India, 46(2), 419–427. Article | Crossref
Appeadu-Mensah, W., Hesse, A. A. J., Glover-Addy, H., Osei-Nketiah, S., Etwire, V., & Sarpong, P. A. (2015). Complications of hypospadias surgery: Experience in a tertiary hospital of a developing country. African Journal of Paediatric Surgery?: AJPS, 12(4), 211–216. Article | Crossref
Badawy, H., & Fahmy, A. (2013). Single- vs. multi-stage repair of proximal hypos¬pa¬di¬as: The dilemma continues. Arab Journal of Urology, 11(2), 174–181. Article | Crossref
Bhandarkar, K., & Garriboli, M. (2019). Repair of Distal Hypospadias?: Cosmetic or Reconstructive??, (April), 89–95. Article
Bhat, A., & Mandal, A. K. (2008). Acute postoperative complications of hypospadias repair. Indian Journal of Urology?: IJU?: Journal of the Urological Society of India, 24(2), 241–248. Article | Crossref
Bouty, A., Ayers, K. L., Pask, A., Heloury, Y., & Sinclair, A. H. (2015). The Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Hypospadias. Sexual Development?: Gene¬tics, Molecular Biology, Evolution, Endocrinology, Embryology, and Pathology of Sex Determination and Differentiation, 9(5), 239–259. Article | Crossref
Bracka, A. (2008). The role of two-stage repair in modern hypospadiology. Indian Jour¬nal of Urology?: IJU?: Journal of the Urological Society of India, 24(2), 210–218. Article | Crossref
Djakovic, N., Nyarangi-Dix, J., Ozturk, A., & Hohenfellner, M. (2008). Hypospadias. Advances in Urology, 2008, 650135. Article | Crossref
Dodds, P. R., Batter, S. J., Shield, D. E., Serels, S. R., Garafalo, F. A., & Maloney, P. K. (2008). Adaptation of adults to uncorrected hypospadias. Urology, 71(4), 682–685; discussion 685. Article | Crossref
Fredell, L., Kockum, I., Hansson, E., Holmner, S., Lundquist, L., Lackgren, G., … Nor¬den¬s-kjold, A. (2002). Heredity of hypospadias and the significance of low birth we¬ight. The Journal of Urology, 167(3), 1423–1427. Article | Crossref
Hsieh, M. H., Breyer, B. N., Eisenberg, M. L., & Baskin, L. S. (2008). Associations among hypospadias, cryptorchidism, anogenital distance, and endocrine disruption. Current Urology Reports, 9(2), 137–142. Article | Crossref
Keays, M. A., Starke, N., Lee, S. C., Bernstein, I., Snodgrass, W. T., & Bush, N. C. (2016). Patient Reported Outcomes in Preoperative and Postoperative Patients with Hypospadias. The Journal of Urology, 195(4 Pt 2), 1215–1220. Article | Crossref
Kimihiko, M., Hidehiro, K., Hiroshi, T., Tsuyoshi, F., Hiroshi, H., Hiroshi, S., … Kat¬su¬ya, N. (2006). Long-Term Cosmetic and Sexual Outcome of Hypospadias Sur¬ge¬ry¬: Norm Related Study in Adolescence. Journal of Urology, 176(4S), 1889–1893. Article | Crossref
Klijn, A. J., Dik, P., & de Jong, T. P. (2001). Results of preputial reconstruction in 77 boys with distal hypospadias. The Journal of Urology, 165(4), 1255–1257.
Kraft, K. H., Shukla, A. R., & Canning, D. A. (2010). Hypospadias. The Urologic Clinics of North America, 37(2), 167–181. Article | Crossref
Kumar, S., Tomar, V., Yadav, S. S., Priyadarshi, S., Vyas, N., & Agarwal, N. (2016). Fertility Potential in Adult Hypospadias. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Re¬se¬arch?: JCDR, 10(8), PC01-PC5. Article | Crossref
Mammo, T. N., Negash, S. A., Negussie, T., Getachew, H., Dejene, B., Tadesse, A., & Derbew, M. (2018). Hypospadias Repair in Ethiopia: A Five Year Review. Ethio¬pi¬an Journal of Health Sciences, 28(6), 735–740. Article | Crossref
Ortqvist, L., Fossum, M., Andersson, M., Nordenstrom, A., Frisen, L., Holmdahl, G., & Nordenskjold, A. (2017). Sexuality and fertility in men with hypospadias; impro¬ved outcome. Andrology, 5(2), 286–293. Article | Crossref
Schlomer, B., Breyer, B., Copp, H., Baskin, L., & DiSandro, M. (2014). Do adult men with untreated hypospadias have adverse outcomes? A pilot study using a social media advertised survey. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 10(4), 672–679. Article | Crossref
Sharpe, R. M. (2003). The ’oestrogen hypothesis’- where do we stand now? Interna¬tio¬nal¬ Journal of Andrology, 26(1), 2–15. Article | Crossref
Singh, J. C., Jayanthi, V. R., & Gopalakrishnan, G. (2008). Effect of hypospadias on sexual function and reproduction. Indian Journal of Urology?: IJU?: Journal of the Urological Society of India, 24(2), 249–252. Article | Crossref
Smith, D. R. (1953). The treatment of hypospadias. California Medicine, 78(2), 95–100. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13019602.
Snodgrass, W., & Bush, N. (2018). Is distal hypospadias repair mostly a cos¬me¬tic¬ operation? Journal of Pediatric Urology. England. Article | Crossref
Soebadi, A. (2015). Agar Bisa Kembali Normal, Operasi Diperlukan untuk Atasi Hipos¬pa¬dia. DetikHealth. https://health.detik.com/ibu-dan-anak/d-2¬7¬9¬5¬6¬3¬3/agar-bisa-kembali-normal-operasi-diperlukan-untuk-atasi-hipospadia. Article
Springer, A. (2014). Assessment of Outcome in Hypospadias Surgery – A Review. Fron¬tiers in Pediatrics. Article | Crossref
Stein, R. (2012). Hypospadias. European Urology Supplements, 11(2), 33–45. Article | Crossref
Subramaniam, R., Spinoit, A. F., & Hoebeke, P. (2011). Hypospadias repair: an over¬vi¬ew of the actual techniques. Seminars in Plastic Surgery, 25(3), 206–212. Article | Crossref
Svensson, H., Reychman, M., Troëng, T., & Åberg, M. (1997). Staged Reconstruction of Hypospadias with Chordee: Outcome and Costs. Scandinavian Journal of Plas¬tic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, 31(1), 51–55. Article | Crossref
van der Horst, H. J. R., & de Wall, L. L. (2017). Hypospadias, all there is to know. Eu¬ro¬¬pean Journal of Pediatrics, 176(4), 435–441. Article | Crossref
van der Zanden, L. F. M., van Rooij, I. A. L. M., Feitz, W. F. J., Franke, B., Knoers, N. V. A. M., & Roeleveld, N. (2012). Aetiology of hypospadias: a systematic review of genes and environment. Human Reproduction Update, 18(3), 260–283. Article | Crossref
Yinon, Y., Kingdom, J. C. P., Proctor, L. K., Kelly, E. N., Salle, J. L. P., Wherrett, D., … Chitayat, D. (2010). Hypospadias in males with intrauterine growth restriction due to placental insufficiency: the placental role in the embryogenesis of male ex¬ter¬nal genitalia. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A, 152A(1), 75–83. Article | Crossref
Yu, X., Nassar, N., Mastroiacovo, P., Canfield, M., Groisman, B., Bermejo-Sánchez, E., … Agopian, A. J. (2019). Hypospadias Prevalence and Trends in International Birth Defect Surveillance Systems, 1980–2010. European Urology, 76(4), 482–490. Article | Crossref
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal Of Nursing Practice
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.