Self-Care Management of Pregnant Women with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension at Tertiary-Level Hospitals in Dhaka

Nur Jahan Begum; Ela Rani Shom; Mohammad Nurul Anowar; Reva Mondal

doi:10.30994/jnp.v10i1.1223

Authors

Nur Jahan Begum MSN, National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research (NIANER), Bangladesh
Ela Rani Shom Faculty of Women’s Health & Midwifery Nursing (WHMN), NIANER, Bangladesh
Mohammad Nurul Anowar Faculty of Adult & Elderly Health Nursing (AEHN), NIANER, Bangladesh
Reva Mondal Department of Nursing Management (NM), NIANER, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v10i1.1223

Keywords:

Antenatal Care , Nursing Care, Pregnancy-induced hypertension, Pregnant Women, Self-Care Management

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is an important pregnancy complication associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Appropriate self-care may support disease management and timely recognition of complications. However, limited evidence is available on self-care management among women with PIH in Bangladesh.

Purpose: To assess self-care management among pregnant women with PIH attending tertiary-level hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 pregnant women with PIH at two tertiary-level hospitals in Dhaka from January to December 2023. Participants were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, including a 25-item Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension-Related Self-Care Management Questionnaire. The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.79). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis.

Results: The mean age was 26.54 ± 6.51 years. The overall mean self-care management score was 2.79 ± 0.40. The highest-rated practice was avoiding heavy weights (4.79 ± 0.41), while the lowest-rated practices included drinking water as prescribed by a physician (1.22 ± 0.81), lifting the legs after prolonged standing (1.45 ± 0.68), and walking in fresh air (1.53 ± 0.85). Self-care management was significantly associated with educational level (p = .007), occupation (p = .017), monthly family income (p < .001), and number of antenatal visits (p < .001).

Conclusion: Self-care management scores varied across individual practices, with gaps in several recommended behaviors. Individualized antenatal counseling and nursing support should emphasize blood pressure monitoring, healthy lifestyle practices, recognition of warning signs, and timely healthcare seeking.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afefy, N., & Kamel, A. D. (2019). Effect of an educational module on the knowledge and self-care of women suffering from pre-eclmpsia. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 8(2), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0802103342

Ahmed, S. S., Sultana, N., Begum, M. L., Lima, L. S., Abedin, M. F., & Hosen, M. K. (2017). Pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors among pregnant women. Journal Of Gynecology And Women’s Health, 4, 555623. https://doi.org/10.19080/JGWH.2017.03.555623

Berhe, A. K., Ilesanmi, A. O., Aimakhu, C. O., & Bezabih, A. M. (2020). Awareness of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. The Pan African Medical Journal, 35, 71. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2020.35.71.19351

Buda, E. S., Hanfore, L. K., Fite, R. O., & Buda, A. S. (2017). Lifestyle modification practice and associated factors among diagnosed hypertensive patients in selected hospitals, South Ethiopia. Clinical Hypertension, 23, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40885-017-0081-1

El Sayed, H. A. E., Said, S. A., Mohy, H. F., & Emam, A. M. (2020). Efficacy of an intervention based on theory of planned behavior on self-care management among women with pregnancy induced hypertension. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 9(1), 7–20.

Elbana, H. M., Abd Elhady, R. M., & Mohammed, H. R. (2022). Self-Care Management Program Utilization among Antenatal Mothers with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 5(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2022.1.12

Espinoza, J., Vidaeff, A., Pettker, C. M., & Simhan, H. (2020). Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 135(6), E237–E260. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003891

Haque, M. M., & Sarkar, N. C. (2020). Prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among the pregnant women: A study in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh. Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SJMPS), 6(1), 53–57. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2020.v06i01.009

Hasan, M. M., Rahman, M., Rahman, N., Rahman, S., & Mohsin, F. M. (2021). Pregnancy Induced Hypertension among Pregnant Women in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 12(3), 396. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v12i3.16091

Hussian, M. H., & Al-Saffar, D. F. A. A. (2016). Self care management of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension for pregnant women attending primary health care centers at Kirkuk city. Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences, 6(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.36321/kjns.vi20162.2664

Magee, L. A., Brown, M. A., Hall, D. R., Gupte, S., Hennessy, A., Karumanchi, S. A., Kenny, L. C., McCarthy, F., Myers, J., & Poon, L. C. (2022). The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertension, 27, 148–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2021.09.008

Mou, A. D., Barman, Z., Hasan, M., Miah, R., Hafsa, J. M., Das Trisha, A., & Ali, N. (2021). Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 21339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00839-w

Nahla, K., Ibrahim, B. A., & Bahaa-Eldin, E. R. (2022). Association between dietary patterns and pregnancy induced hypertension: A case control study from Sudan. African Health Sciences, 22(4), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i4.42

Ojukwu, C. P., Ezeigwe, A. U., Madu, O. T., Mba, C. G., & Nseka, E. G. (2021). Knowledge and awareness of pregnancy-related hypertension and utilization of exercises as its preventive strategies: Survey of pregnant women in Enugu State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 30(5), 526–531. https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_108_21

Salim, T., & Kuriakose, A. (2017). Knowledge of gestational hypertension and its self care measures among primigravid women. Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research, 1, 15328–15335. https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i1.22

Singh, D. K., Sinha, N., Bera, O. P., Saleem, S. M., Tripathi, S., Shikha, D., Goyal, M., & Bhattacharya, S. (2021). Effects of diet on hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study from a teaching hospital. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(9), 3268. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_96_21

Susan, Z. S., Bulbul, S., Ferdows, J. A., & Nayeem, A. (2016). Perinatal findings in pregnancy induced hypertension: A study in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Dhaka City. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2(1), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.3329/JNINB.V2I1.32955

WHO. (2025). Pre-eclampsia. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pre-eclampsia

Zohora, F. T., Aktar, S., & Hossain, M. I. (2022). Evaluation of knowledge, awareness, treatment and prevention towards pregnancy induced hypertension among the pregnant women in Bangladesh: A hospital based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 9(4), 1671–1678. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220837