Preliminary Changes in Flood Preparedness Following the PREPARE-BANJIR Chatbot: A One-Group Pretest–Posttest Study

Alfian Fawzi; Aprin Rusmawati; Solichudin

doi:10.30994/jnp.v10i1.1246

Authors

Alfian Fawzi Faculty of Nursing,Universitas STRADA Indonesia, Kediri, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1687-5993
Aprin Rusmawati Faculty of Nursing,Universitas STRADA Indonesia, Kediri, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2133-3203
Solichudin Faculty of Health, Universitas STRADA Indonesia, Kediri, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v10i1.1246

Keywords:

Chatbot, Community-Based Nursing management, Daster Preparedness, Flood Mitigation, Health Education

Abstract

Background: Flood-prone communities need accessible education that supports preparedness and collective action. Evidence on chatbot-supported flood education in community settings remains limited.
Purpose: To assess changes in flood-related knowledge, attitudes, and mitigation practices following PREPARE-BANJIR chatbot use, describe participant engagement, and document the initial formation of community flood-response groups.
Methods: A pre-experimental, one-group pretest–posttest study involved 150 residents purposively recruited from flood-prone communities along the Brantas River in Kediri Regency, Indonesia. The intervention comprised six chatbot-based educational modules. Outcomes were assessed using a 48-item questionnaire, while engagement was documented through usage logs. Paired changes were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for knowledge and attitudes and a paired-samples t-test for mitigation scores.
Results: Mean knowledge scores increased from 7.79 to 9.93, with a mean change of 2.14 (95% CI: 1.86–2.42). Attitude scores increased from 41.79 to 46.97, with a mean change of 5.18 (95% CI: 4.43–5.93), and mitigation scores increased from 18.55 to 23.73, with a mean change of 5.18 (95% CI: 4.42–5.94). All paired comparisons were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Overall, 79.3% of participants completed all modules. Five flood-response groups, each comprising 30 members, were established.
Conclusion: PREPARE-BANJIR use was followed by improved preparedness-related scores and the establishment of community response groups. These preliminary findings warrant controlled evaluations to determine intervention effectiveness and the sustainability of individual and group outcomes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aggarwal, A., Tam, C. C., Wu, D., Li, X., & Qiao, S. (2023). Artificial intelligence-based chatbots for promoting health behavioral changes: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e40789. https://doi.org/10.2196/40789

Ayuningtyas, D., Windiarti, S., Sapoan Hadi, M., Fasrini, U. U., & Barinda, S. (2021). Disaster preparedness and mitigation in Indonesia: A narrative review. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 50(8), 1536-1546. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i8.6799

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. (2025a). Data Bencana Indonesia tahun 2024. https://www.bnpb.go.id/buku/buku-data-bencana-indonesia-tahun-2024

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana. (2025b). Indeks Risiko Bencana Indonesia (IRBI) tahun 2024. https://www.bnpb.go.id/buku/buku-irbi-2024

Fu, Q., & Zhang, X. (2024). Promoting community resilience through disaster education: Review of community-based interventions with a focus on teacher resilience and well-being. PLOS ONE, 19(1), e0296393. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296393

Guo, L., Fang, M., Liu, L., Chong, H., Zeng, W., & Hu, X. (2025). The development of disaster preparedness education for public: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 25, 645. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21664-0

Hoffmann, R., & Muttarak, R. (2017). Learn from the past, prepare for the future: Impacts of education and experience on disaster preparedness in the Philippines and Thailand. World Development, 96, 32-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.02.016

Juhadi, Hamid, N., Trihatmoko, E., Herlina, M., & Aroyandini, E. N. (2021). Developing a model for disaster education to improve students' disaster mitigation literacy. Journal of Disaster Research, 16(8), 1243-1256. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p1243

Kocaballi, A. B., Berkovsky, S., Quiroz, J. C., Laranjo, L., Tong, H. L., Rezazadegan, D., Briatore, A., & Coiera, E. (2019). The personalization of conversational agents in health care: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(11), e15360. https://doi.org/10.2196/15360

Laranjo, L., Dunn, A. G., Tong, H. L., Kocaballi, A. B., Chen, J., Bashir, R., Surian, D., Gallego, B., Magrabi, F., Lau, A. Y. S., & Coiera, E. (2018). Conversational agents in healthcare: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 25(9), 1248-1258. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy072

Milne-Ives, M., de Cock, C., Lim, E., Shehadeh, M. H., de Pennington, N., Mole, G., Normando, E., & Meinert, E. (2020). The effectiveness of artificial intelligence conversational agents in health care: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(10), e20346. https://doi.org/10.2196/20346

Mokmin, N. A. M., & Ibrahim, N. A. (2021). The evaluation of chatbot as a tool for health literacy education among undergraduate students. Education and Information Technologies, 26(5), 6033-6049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10542-y

Mutch, C. (2023). How schools build community resilience capacity and social capital in disaster preparedness, response and recovery. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 92, 103735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103735

Nahum-Shani, I., Shaw, S. D., Carpenter, S. M., Murphy, S. A., & Yoon, C. (2022). Engagement in digital interventions. American Psychologist, 77(7), 836-852. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000983

Patel, R. K., Pamidimukkala, A., Kermanshachi, S., & Etminani-Ghasrodashti, R. (2023). Disaster preparedness and awareness among university students: A structural equation analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054447

PREPARE-BANJIR Research Team. (2026a). Laporan hasil validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner PREPARE-BANJIR [Unpublished internal methodological report]. Universitas STRADA Indonesia.

PREPARE-BANJIR Research Team. (2026b). Modul pembelajaran digital PREPARE-BANJIR: Chatbot edukasi mitigasi pra-bencana banjir berbasis komunitas (Version 1.1) [Unpublished draft learning module]. Universitas STRADA Indonesia.

Rizal, E., Winoto, Y., Sugito, T., Nugroho, C., & Septian, F. I. (2025). Disaster communication in the digital age: A community-based case study of media, education, and local knowledge in Pangandaran, Indonesia. Frontiers in Communication, 10, 1632436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1632436

Saleem, M., Kühne, L., De Santis, K. K., Christianson, L., Brand, T., & Busse, H. (2021). Understanding engagement strategies in digital interventions for mental health promotion: Scoping review. JMIR Mental Health, 8(12), e30000. https://doi.org/10.2196/30000

Schachner, T., Keller, R., & von Wangenheim, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence-based conversational agents for chronic conditions: Systematic literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e20701. https://doi.org/10.2196/20701

Shaw, R., Sakurai, A., & Oikawa, Y. (2021). New realization of disaster risk reduction education in the context of a global pandemic: Lessons from Japan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 12, 568-580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00337-7

Torani, S., Majd, P. M., Maroufi, S. S., Dowlati, M., & Sheikhi, R. A. (2019). The importance of education on disasters and emergencies: A review article. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, 85. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_262_18

Tudor Car, L., Dhinagaran, D. A., Kyaw, B. M., Kowatsch, T., Joty, S., Theng, Y. L., & Atun, R. (2020). Conversational agents in health care: Scoping review and conceptual analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e17158. https://doi.org/10.2196/17158

Tyas, T. H., Sutisna, S., Supriyatno, M., Maarif, S., & Fikri, A. F. (2022). Penanganan bencana banjir di Kota Kediri melalui mitigasi non-struktural guna mendukung keamanan insani. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota, 18(2), 178-191. https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v18i2.35564

World Health Organization. (2019). Health emergency and disaster risk management framework. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/health-emergency-and-disaster-risk-management-framework